Nobel Prize 2021-Winners List

The Nobel Laurates of the year 2021 are given below :

 The Nobel prizes are selected by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for the Nobel Prize in Physics and Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, the Swedish Academy for the Nobel Prize in Literature, and a Committee of five persons to be elected by the Norwegian Parliament (Storting) for the Nobel Peace Prize.A person or organization awarded the Nobel Prize is called Nobel Laureate. The word "laureate" refers to being signified by the laurel wreath. In ancient Greece, laurel wreaths were awarded to victors as a sign of honor.

 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences was given the task to select the Laureates in Economic Sciences starting in 1969.In 1968, the Sveriges Riksbank established the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel.

Peace

The Nobel Peace Prize 2021 was awarded jointly to Maria Ressa and Dmitry Andreyevich Muratov "for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace."

Maria Ressa

Born: 2 October 1963, Manila, Philippines

Prize motivation: "for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace."

Dmitry Andreyevich Muratov

Born: 1961, Kuybyshev (now Samara), USSR (now Russia)

Prize motivation: "for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace."

Literature 

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2021 was awarded to Abdulrazak Gurnah "for his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee in the gulf between cultures and continents."

Medicine 

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2021 was awarded jointly to David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian "for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch."

David Julius

Affiliation at the time of the award: University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

Ardem Patapoutian

Affiliation at the time of the award: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA

Physics

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2021 was awarded "for groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of complex systems" with one half jointly to Syukuro Manabe and Klaus Hasselmann "for the physical modelling of Earth's climate, quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming" and the other half to Giorgio Parisi "for the discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales."

Syukuro Manabe

Affiliation: Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA

Klaus Hasselmann

Affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany

Giorgio Parisi

Affiliation: Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

Chemistry

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2021 was awarded jointly to Benjamin List and David W.C. MacMillan "for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis."

Benjamin List

Affiliation at the time of the award: Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany

David W.C. MacMillan

Affiliation at the time of the award: Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA

Nobel Prize 2020-Winners List

The Nobel Laurates of the year 2020 are given below :

 The Nobel prizes are selected by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for the Nobel Prize in Physics and Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, the Swedish Academy for the Nobel Prize in Literature, and a Committee of five persons to be elected by the Norwegian Parliament (Storting) for the Nobel Peace Prize.A person or organization awarded the Nobel Prize is called Nobel Laureate. The word "laureate" refers to being signified by the laurel wreath. In ancient Greece, laurel wreaths were awarded to victors as a sign of honor.

 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences was given the task to select the Laureates in Economic Sciences starting in 1969.In 1968, the Sveriges Riksbank established the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel.

Peace

World Food Programme (WFP)

The Nobel Peace Prize 2020

Prize motivation: "for its efforts to combat hunger, for its contribution to bettering conditions for peace in conflict-affected areas and for acting as a driving force in efforts to prevent the use of hunger as a weapon of war and conflict."

Literature 

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2020 was awarded to Louise Glück "for her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal." . Louise is from New York, NY, USA

Medicine 

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2020 was awarded jointly to Harvey J. Alter, Michael Houghton and Charles M. Rice "for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus."

Charles M. Rice-Affiliation now: Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA

Michael Houghton-Affiliation : University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

Harvey J. Alter-Affiliation: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

Prize motivation: "for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus."

Physics

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2020 was divided, one half awarded to Roger Penrose "for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity", the other half jointly to Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez "for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy."

Roger Penrose-Affiliation : University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Reinhard Genzel-Affiliation: University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany

Andrea Ghez-Affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Chemistry

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020 was awarded jointly to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna "for the development of a method for genome editing."

Emmanuelle Charpentier-Affiliation : Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens, Berlin, Germany

Jennifer A. Doudna-Affiliation : University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA

Economics

The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2020 was awarded jointly to Paul R. Milgrom and Robert B. Wilson "for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats."

Winners of Nobel Prize 2019

The Nobel Laurates of the year 2019 are given below :

A person or organization awarded the Nobel Prize is called Nobel Laureate. The word "laureate" refers to being signified by the laurel wreath. In ancient Greece, laurel wreaths were awarded to victors as a sign of honor. The awards are selected by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for the Nobel Prize in Physics and Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, the Swedish Academy for the Nobel Prize in Literature, and a Committee of five persons to be elected by the Norwegian Parliament (Storting) for the Nobel Peace Prize.

In 1968, the Sveriges Riksbank established the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences was given the task to select the Laureates in Economic Sciences starting in 1969.

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2019

James Peebles
Princeton University, USA

“for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology”

and the other half jointly to

Michel Mayor
University of Geneva, Switzerland

and

Didier Queloz
University of Geneva, Switzerland
University of Cambridge, UK

“for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star”

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019

John B. Goodenough
The University of Texas at Austin, USA

M. Stanley Whittingham
Binghamton University, State University of New York, USA

Akira Yoshino
Asahi Kasei Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan

“for the development of lithium-ion batteries”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2019

William G. Kaelin Jr, Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza “for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability.” They identified molecular machinery that regulates the activity of genes in response to varying levels of oxygen.

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2019

 Austrian author Peter Handke "for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience."

The Nobel Peace Prize 2019

Abiy Ahmed Ali "for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation, and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea."

The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2019